things named after benedict arnold

Benedict Arnold was an enthusiastic patriot who believed passionately in the cause of American liberty. In the House of Commons, Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honour, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted". [123], In January 1801, Arnold's health began to decline. Benedict Arnold's reasons for betraying America were extraordinarily complex. [128][d], Benedict Arnold's name became synonymous with "traitor" soon after his betrayal became public, and biblical themes were often invoked. [76] Several members on the panel of judges were ill-disposed toward Arnold over actions and disputes earlier in the war, yet Arnold was cleared of all but two minor charges on January 26, 1780. This monument was erected under the patronage of the State of Connecticut in the 55th year of the Independence of the U.S.A. in memory of the brave patriots massacred at Fort Griswold near this spot on the 6th of Sept. Before his betrayal Benedict Arnold was a legitimate hero and a competent officer. Discussions had not borne fruit between Schuyler and Washington by early June. General Parsons laid it aside, seeing a letter written as a coded business discussion. [18] On one of his voyages, he fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "damned Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". I used the widely accepted 1910 translation by the sinologist Lionel Giles, available in various . Sage's gravestone indicates that he was born on April 14, 14, 1786, a date roughly confirmed by Arnold's will, which stated that Sage was 14 when Arnold wrote it in 1800. [40] In February 1777, he learned that he had been passed over by Congress for promotion to major general. When the British took control of Philadelphia in 1777, Peggy met John Andr, a charming, well-educated British officer. [87], Once Arnold established himself at West Point, he began systematically weakening its defenses and military strength. During the American War for Independence, several engagements were fought at the five-pointed star-shaped Fort Ticonderoga. [9], Arnold's father was a successful businessman, and the family moved in the upper levels of Norwich society. He and his men were joined by Richard Montgomery's small army and participated in the December 31 assault on Quebec City in which Montgomery was killed and Arnold's leg was shattered. Scholastica, the founder of the Benedictine sisters, was Benedict's sister. [43], Arnold arrived in Schuyler's camp at Fort Edward, New York, on July 24. For a time, he was a successful businessman, but after yellow fever took the lives of three of the Arnold children, the patriarch was devastated. One colonel wrote to Clinton concerning Arnold: "There are many officers who must wish some other general in command. Peggy Shippen had barely turned eighteen when in June of 1778, following the evacuation of Philadelphia by a British army, Major General Benedict . Following the deaths of three of his. It is impossible to say when 37-year-old Benedict Arnold first met 18-year-old Peggy Shippen, but we do know that on September 25, 1778, he wrote her a love lettermuch of it an exact copy of . Unlike his accomplishments in the battlefield, Arnold was not a good Governor. And those of us with long memories can take some comfort that things didn't go much better for Arnold once he left the colonies to live in . Benedict Arnold was a patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. On December 8, 1781, Arnold and his family left New York for England. [113] George Johnstone turned him down for a position in the East India Company and explained: "Although I am satisfied with the purity of your conduct, the generality do not think so. [88], On August 30, Arnold sent a letter accepting Clinton's terms and proposing a meeting to Andr through yet another intermediary: William Heron, a member of the Connecticut Assembly whom he thought he could trust. He was also convicted of two minor charges of using his authority to make a profit. The second was Benedict Arnold. He traveled extensively in the course of his business throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. betrayal. [132], Early biographers attempted to describe Arnold's entire life in terms of treacherous or morally questionable behavior. [19][20] The captain was wounded in the first exchange of gunfire, and he apologized when Arnold threatened to aim to kill on the second. [110], Even before Cornwallis's surrender in October, Arnold had requested permission from Clinton to go to England to give Lord George Germain his thoughts on the war in person. Arnold returned to England in 1791, but he left to spend several years privateering in the West Indies before permanently settling in London. The first man was a British major named John Andre. 1:38. As a young man, Arnold. [89] Eventually, a meeting was set for September 11 near Dobb's Ferry. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticut. [103], Washington remained calm when he was presented with evidence of Arnold's treason. His scheme was to surrender the fort to the British, but it was exposed in September 1780 when revolution militia captured Andr carrying papers which revealed the plot. [22], The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. [130] In Arnold's home town of Norwich, Connecticut, someone scrawled "the traitor" next to his record of birth at city hall, and all of his family's gravestones have been destroyed except his mother's.[131]. Their friendship became the foundation for the treason for which Peggy's. A colonial resident by birth, Arnold made his living as a merchant before joining the American military to defend against the British. His father's alcoholism and ill health kept him from training Arnold in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with her cousins Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich. "Since the fall of Lucifer," General Nathanial Greene judged, "nothing has equaled the fall of Arnold." Yet Arnold's accomplishments for the patriot cause were extraordinary. Thereafter his name became an epithet for traitor in the United States. Arnold had three sons with Margaret Mansfield:[150][151]. [112], In London, Arnold aligned himself with the Tories, advising Germain and King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. [101] From the ship, he wrote a letter to Washington[102] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphiawhich Washington granted. Arnold wrote out passes for Andr so that he would be able to pass through the lines, and he also gave him plans for West Point. Benedict Arnold's name might be the first that comes to mind when we think of treason not just because he was a traitor, but because he was such an unlikely one. Wilson believes that the explanation most consistent with the available documentation is that Sage was either the result of a liaison before Arnold left England or that he was Arnold's grandson by one of his older children. A historical marker in Danvers, Massachusetts commemorates Benedict Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec Bayley Seton Hospital in the Clifton section of Staten Island was named in part for Richard Bayley, father of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton It was General Arnold. He returned a hero, but his rash courage and impatient energy had aroused the enmity of several officers. On May 9, Franklin introduced Stansbury to Major Andr, who had just been named the British spy chief. [128], Arnold left a small estate, reduced in size by his debts, which Peggy undertook to clear. [116] Delivery of his first ship the Lord Sheffield was accompanied by accusations from the builder that Arnold had cheated him; Arnold claimed that he had merely deducted the contractually agreed amount when the ship was delivered late. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut and named after his His mother was Hannah Waterman King, a rich widow. 10 interesting facts about st benedict. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. [34], Arnold then traveled to Montreal where he served as military commander of the city until forced to retreat by an advancing British army that had arrived at Quebec in May. His father was a successful businessman and young Benedict had a comfortable childhood. Nor was it named after Pope Benedict XIII, the leader of the Catholic Church from 1724 to 1730 (or any of the 15 other popes who took the name Benedict). Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Bettmann / Corbis "You have five. His performance in the Battle of Ridgefield in Connecticut prompted his promotion to major general. His subordinates, some long-time associates, grumbled about Arnold's unnecessary distribution of supplies and eventually concluded that he was selling them on the black market for personal gain. Arnold and his men went towards Boston. Washington refused his resignation and ordered him north to assist with the defense there. (Benedict Cumberbatch doesn't count; he's British.) The prisoner seemed suprised to see the gallows, but walked calmy toward it. Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Connecticutthe fifth person in his family to be named Benedict Arnold. The prisoner was dressed in miltary uniform. The September 21 meeting with British Major John Andre was a disaster for both men. Andr was captured the next day, near Tarrytown, with those plans tucked inside his boot. Meanwhile, in April 1779, Arnold married Margaret (Peggy) Shippen, a young woman of loyalist sympathies. [95] They found the papers exposing the plot to capture West Point and passed them on to their superiors,[96] but Andr convinced the unsuspecting Colonel John Jameson, to whom he was delivered, to send him back to Arnold at West Pointbut he never reached West Point. Word of the siege's disastrous outcome led the company to turn around, and Arnold served for only 13 days. He did, however, investigate its extent, and suggested that he was willing to exchange Andr for Arnold during negotiations with Clinton concerning Andr's fate. Soon after Ticonderoga, Arnold brought his men on a dangerous trek through the . Arnold had the power to act, to defy the stresses of business and the dangers of the battlefield; but Peggy had the power to endure. [118] The family moved to Saint John in 1787, where Arnold created an uproar with a series of bad business deals and petty lawsuits. Through the early morning hours of Sept. 22, 1780 the two plotted. [86], Arnold's command at West Point also gave him authority over the entire American-controlled Hudson River, from Albany down to the British lines outside New York City. Major-General Nathanael Greene (August 7 [O.S. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. This meeting was thwarted when British gunboats in the river fired on his boat, not being informed of his impending arrival. Did he become a traitor because of all the injustice he suffered, real and imagined, at the hands of the Continental Congress and his jealous fellow generals? The fort was finally captured by the British in 1759. The Portrayal of Benedict Arnold in American History", Shy, John. These charges were then referred to Congress, and Arnold asked for an immediate court-martial to clear himself. [72] Clinton was pursuing a campaign to gain control of the Hudson River Valley, and was interested in plans and information on the defenses of West Point and other defenses on the Hudson River. From psychological wounds received in his Connecticut childhood when his alcoholic father squandered the family's fortunes? [107], The pursuing American army included the Marquis de Lafayette, who was under orders from Washington to hang Arnold summarily if he was captured. Peggy came from a loyalist family in Philadelphia; she had many ties to the British. Yet as every elementary school student knows, Benedict reneged on his original commitment and defected to England. [133] George Canning Hill authored a series of moralistic biographies in the mid-19th century and began his 1865 biography of Arnold: "Benedict, the Traitor, was born". While this is the case, no power in this country could suddenly place you in the situation you aim at under the East India Company. [21] However, it is unknown whether this encounter actually happened or not. [11], In 1755, Arnold was attracted by the sound of a drummer and attempted to enlist in the provincial militia for service in the French and Indian War, but his mother refused permission. Benedict Arnold, (born January 14, 1741, Norwich, Connecticut [U.S.]died June 14, 1801, London, England), patriot officer who served the cause of the American Revolution until 1779, when he shifted his allegiance to the British. His health simply declined, partly as a result of his war wounds, partly as a result of what used to be called dropsy edema, the dramatic retention of fluid in limbs. Upon the outbreak of hostilities at Lexington, Massachusetts (April 1775), Arnold volunteered for service and participated with Ethan Allen in the successful colonial attack on British-held Fort Ticonderoga, New York, the following month. Benedict Arnold passed away on 3 March 1849. The first major biography of his life was The Life and Treason of Benedict Arnold, published in 1832 by historian Jared Sparks; it was particularly harsh in showing how Arnold's treacherous character was formed out of childhood experiences. [1] Only he and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings died from yellow fever in childhood. However, Arnold was a prominent figure in the American Revolution and, for a time, was a distinguished war hero who simply became . The crowd of hundreds of people was quiet. [22] In a strange twist of fate, "the second most hated British . During this time, Arnold brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. Arnold reopened the secret channels with the British, informing them of Schuyler's proposals and including Schuyler's assessment of conditions at West Point. When in February 1777 Congress created five new major generalships, Arnold was passed over in favour of his juniors. One critic said that he was a "mean mercenary, who, having adopted a cause for the sake of plunder, quits it when convicted of that charge". Background. These letters were delivered by Samuel Wallis, another Philadelphia businessman who spied for the British, rather than by Stansbury. Arnold said that it would have been better had it been in the chest instead of the leg. [26], On February 22, 1767, Arnold married Margaret Mansfield, daughter of Samuel Mansfield, the sheriff of New Haven and a fellow member in the local Masonic Lodge. William Fitch Arnold (17941846) (Captain, Benedict Arnold, played by Curtis Caravaggio, is a one-time character in the episode "The Capture of Benedict Arnold" in the 2016-18 TV series, Courtwright, Julie. He had his leg crudely set, rather than allowing it to be amputated, leaving it 2 inches (5cm) shorter than the right. [38], General Washington assigned Arnold to the defense of Rhode Island following the British seizure of Newport in December 1776, where the militia were too poorly equipped to even consider an attack on the British. His action at Ridgefield, coupled with the death of Wooster due to wounds sustained in the action, resulted in his promotion to major general, although his seniority was not restored over those who had been promoted before him. They bought three trading ships, using the profits from the sale of his homestead, and established a lucrative West Indies trade. You may think it was odd that parents would name their newborn . Saint Benedict once lived in a hermit cave. When and where was Benedict Arnold born? At his request, a court martial was held to clear his name. Troops were liberally distributed within Arnold's command area (but only minimally at West Point itself) or furnished to Washington on request. [80] Many of these documents had been lost during the retreat from Quebec. "Arnold, Benedict (17411801)". Arnold arrived in New Brunswick in December 1785, so Sage's mother could not have been from there. Odell was a Loyalist working with William Franklin, the last colonial governor of New Jersey and the son of Benjamin Franklin. Benedict Arnold was born on Jan. 14, 1741 in Norwich, Connecticut. [30] The household was dominated by Arnold's sister Hannah, even while Margaret was alive. With the permission of his master, Armistead enlisted in the Revolutionary War under General Lafayette. Unable to obtain a regular commission in the British army, he later pursued various business ventures, including land speculation in Canada. [6][103] Among his bequests were considerable gifts to one John Sage, perhaps an illegitimate son or grandson. Far fewer know . [77] Arnold worked over the next few months to publicize this fact; however, Washington published a formal rebuke of his behavior in early April, just one week after he had congratulated Arnold on the birth of his son Edward Shippen Arnold on March 19:[78], The Commander-in-Chief would have been much happier in an occasion of bestowing commendations on an officer who had rendered such distinguished services to his country as Major General Arnold; but in the present case, a sense of duty and a regard to candor oblige him to declare that he considers his conduct [in the convicted actions] as imprudent and improper. However, his betrayal overshadowed his accomplishments in the wars he fought and won. [68] Stansbury ignored instructions from Arnold to involve no one else in the plot, and he crossed the British lines and went to see Jonathan Odell in New York. [62], Arnold had been badly wounded twice in battle and had lost his business in Connecticut, which made him profoundly bitter. [31], Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre took place on March 5, 1770. AD 1781, when the British, under the command of the Traitor Benedict Arnold, burnt the towns of New London and Groton and spread desolation and woe throughout the region. Born in 1867 in Hanley, Staffordshire (part of the famous 'Potteries' and now a district of Stoke-on-Trent), Enoch Arnold Bennett was named after his father, a solicitor. She was the conduit for information to the British. By. Benedict Arnold was born on January 14, 1741, in Norwich, Colony of Connecticut, British America. He died, age 60, and was buried in London. On the morning of September 22, from their position at Teller's Point, two American rebels, John "Jack" Peterson and Moses Sherwood, under the command of Col. James Livingston fired on HMS Vulture, the ship that was intended to carry Andr back to New York. "[102], The British gave Arnold a brigadier general's commission with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but they paid him only 6,315 plus an annual pension of 360[b] for his defection because his plot had failed. [a][133] Historical markers in Danvers, Massachusetts, and Newburyport, MA commemorate Arnold's 1775 expedition to Quebec. Arnold escaped; Andr was hanged. "[32], Arnold began the war as a captain in the Connecticut militia, a position to which he was elected in March 1775. The combined assault (December 31, 1775) failed, Montgomery was killed, and Arnold was severely wounded. The French had besieged Fort William Henry in northeastern New York, and their Indian allies had committed atrocities after their victory. While Benedict Arnold escaped to British-occupied New York, where he was protected from punishment. 8. It was invoked again as sectional conflicts increased in the years before the American Civil War. British reinforcements arrived in late March led by William Phillips who served under Burgoyne at Saratoga. [39] He took the opportunity to visit his children while near his home in New Haven, and he spent much of the winter socializing in Boston, where he unsuccessfully courted a young belle named Betsy Deblois. [127] His funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages";[103] the funeral was without military honors. During the summer of 1778, he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen (III), a Loyalist sympathizer who had done business with the British while they occupied the city;[57] Peggy had been courted by British Major John Andr during the British occupation of Philadelphia. 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