nissan cvt transmission failure symptoms

1. By 1910, Zenith motorcycles featured CVT transmissions, and by the late 1980s, Subaru launched it into the mainstream automotive industry. More about automatic transmission, please continue reading about; A Simple Way to Understand the Functions of an Automatic Car Transmission. An automatic transmission can change its gear ratio in response to vehicle speed. This dirt accumulates inside the transmission and can damage some of its gears, leading to complete failure. For example, if the transmission fluid leaks or smells burnt, something is likely wrong with the system. Nissan has previously extended the warranty on their vehicle due to problems with the automatic transmission. Symptoms of a bad shift solenoid include the transmission banging into gear or the engine RPMs going too high. Turn the key to the Off light and release the gas pedal. So, first and foremost, lets take a look at the signs of CVT failure. Problems with Hybrid Cars+ 5 Hybrid Cars to Avoid! Rather it is built on twin pulleys connected to the cars engine and the wheels. This makes for a very smooth ride because there are no gears to shift between. Finally I have found something which helped me. Therefore, follow these easy procedures carefully, one at a time to carry out the Nissan CVT transmission module reset : You may need to take your car to the closest auto repair shop for a complete diagnosis if the TCM is still not working properly after this procedure. You also wont be able to shift gears manually through the pedal shifters on the wheel as you would with some sporty automatic cars. There are several telltale signs of a soon-to-fail transmission. Your email address will not be published. This is detected by the transmission control unit (TCU), which puts the vehicle into safe mode by reducing engine power and RPMs. This causes juddering and stalling, like above. However, like all other automotive systems, they have some problems that are common to them. In some cases, you may be able to reset the TCM and avoid having to replace it. The way the automatic transmission works is more complicated than the manual transmission. Oil Light Comes On When Car Stops: The Reason! It is different from the CVT, which can find and execute the best ratio needed instantaneously. This issue can be caused by the deterioration of various CVT parts, such as the rubber belt or metal chain that links two pulleys inside a CVT. Nissan CVT drivers have reported that their transmissions often jerk, stall, shiver, hesitate, or even fail prematurely. Privacy Policy The use of Continuous Variable Transmission (CVT) is increasingly popular in new cars. Software glitches in the Nissan transmission module can affect the shifting. Responsive acceleration: CVT systems offer responsive acceleration, given that they find and execute the right gear ratio for the drive, whether it is a highway passing or an off-the-line situation. Nissan published a Technical Service Bulletin (TSB) advising the installation of an external gearbox cooler to address the overheating issue. Otherwise, you may experience harsh shifting that feels much like the slipping transmission on a vehicle with a regular automatic gearbox. or screeching, these could be clear symptoms of a bad CVT Especially because of the fuel efficiency that they offer. Nissans with Jatco Continuously Variable Transmissions can suffer from a particular issue where the car seems to struggle to speed up. WebThe CVT transmission has a cooling system which is the same cooling system for the engine. Do all Nissans have transmission problems? 2023 Car, Truck and Vehicle How To Guides - Vehicle Freak, Mercedes Transmission Problem and How to Reset Limp Mode, CC to HP Calculator: Instantly Calculate Cubic Centimeters to Horse Power. Other common symptoms of a failing CVT are: Jerking when accelerating (also known as shift shock) Loud noises and vibrations Whining noise at high speeds Loss of power Error Codes Vehicle will not shift Car stalls out If you experience any of these symptoms, get your transmission checked as soon as possible. But you need to be aware of the CVT transmission problems that come with using such transmissions. The pulleys and belts of the transmission can get damaged, misaligned, or worn off in case theres not enough transmission fluid. This allows the car to seamlessly change through several ranges of effective gear ratios while it is in motion. You should also check the battery level to ensure that it is fully charged. The Rogue SUV has a lot of cargo space and is quiet and comfy. Repairing the Nissan CVT transmission problem is quite complicated, you have to remove the transmission from the engine, disassemble it with special service tools, and of course other equipment. If you detected issues with a bad CVT transmission, you save yourself thousands of dollars on repair. The Essential Role of Drivers in Preventing Major Car Problems. This can be a very costly repair. Highest Paying Junk Car Buyer: How To Get The Most Cash For Your Old Car? Despite being reliable, the CVT transmission is not without its problems. Symptoms of Nissans CVT defects include: Overheating ; Shaking ; Jerking ; Stalling ; Slow acceleration ; Transmission slipping ; Premature transmission failure This usually happens if something falls under the vehicle (such as a rock) and obstructs part of its drive system, which forces other parts to take extra stress to operate normally or if your car hits a pothole. It has since been fitted to most of Nissans staple cars. Some of the more recent CVT designs are known to last up to 300,000 miles. If you cannot perform the previous steps (or they do not reveal anything), you may need to heat the transmission by driving it around for 30 minutes to an hour. link to What is Inside a Catalytic Converter? Be sure to see an expert as soon as possible to have the transmission fluid leak investigated and fixed. WebRE0F10A Nissan CVT Transmission. Is the car pulling well and steadily, or is it hesitating? These codes can help you or a mechanic diagnose the problem. Most As the name suggests, brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid typically used in a hydraulic braking system to supply pressure to the car wheels. Sadly, the CVT system doesnt last as a regular automatic transmission. Purchases made through links on our site may earn us a commission. However, due to persistent safety issues, like transmission fluid leaks, there have been numerous class-action lawsuits and consumer complaints against Nissan CVT transmissions. Other common causes of this problem include low transmission fluid levels, faulty sensors or solenoids, and internal transmission damage. If you opt to own a car with a CVT transmission, you get to enjoy a better driving experience, improved fuel economy, and highly responsive acceleration. So, you might end up having electrical faults in the system, which require resetting the control module to keep the transmission operating smoothly. Additionally, it will discuss the potential causes of these problems, such as lack of proper maintenance or manufacturing defects. Unless you are knowledgeable about Nissan CVTs, are a hobbyist, and of course, you have plenty of free time. Using the incorrect transmission fluid could permanently harm your car. This article summarizes the most common symptoms of a broken CVT transmission. This continuous movement increases the risk of wear and tear and makes CVT more susceptible to going bad than other transmission systems. This means that the engine will use less fuel while still providing the same amount of power. Required fields are marked *, document.getElementById("comment").setAttribute( "id", "a5a69474048d12686f4ccaa4a13f741f" );document.getElementById("f9c35d78d0").setAttribute( "id", "comment" );Comment *. What Are The Most Common Issues With Kia Engines? It helps translate the torque onto the wheels and shift into a higher gear as the speed increases. SERIOUSLY!!!!! 3. If you're unsure if your car has a bad CVT, certain symptoms are to look for. There will be no other symptoms or warning lights. Do not continue to drive your Nissan if you experience these symptoms, as it can permanently damage the transmission. Every CVT transmission has a control module that collects information from various sensors in your car. There is a problem with one of its parts if it does, and it's likely a bad CVT. This translates into fewer pumping losses, resulting in better fuel economy and performance at high vehicle speeds. CVT transmission problems have reportedly been found in the following Nissan models. If your CVT's coupling starts failing, it will likely result in a broken transmission system. For example, a 2015 Nissan Rouge we test-drove went into limp mode after one and a half hours of freeway driving. This article will provide a lot of information about CVT transmission, its origins, and types, how it works, the vehicles it is found in, and some of the most common problems. Id like to find a good Nissan dealer soon because Im thinking about finding a new car soon after getting my old one junked. Another popular name is Mitsubishi's ECVT.. Due to the way, CVT systems operate with two pulleys offering a countless number of gear ratios, and there is a high risk of overheating. A possible solution is to install a larger transmission cooler. Consequently, the car frequently enters a fail-safe or limp mode when the transmission overheats, which causes a lack of power. If you hear a whimper or rattling sound, then your cars CVT transmission may need to be checked. If you are experiencing this problem with your Nissan, allow the car to cool down before resuming your trip. The first symptom is an annoying noise in the CVT transmission area. CVT transmissions dont have gears, so you wont be as engaged in the ride as you normally would. Delayed shifting is also another common symptom caused by low transmission fluid levels. One of the most frequent is the whining or rattling noise from the transmission only while accelerating. To pinpoint the noise source, drive at the speed that produces the strongest noise and shift to a lower ratio. The transmission manual is a component in the engine and serves to change the speed and power of the engine to the wheels that can move. As a result, Nissan transmissions frequently experience problems. Bring your car in for regular maintenance and servicing. However, since the CVT doesnt last as long as a traditional automatic transmission, these problems can get worse with higher mileage. After a few minutes, you can start the car and the transmission will be reset. CVT transmissions are prone to going bad because there are many movements of the components of the system. The first car equipped with a Nissan CVT transmission was the Nissan March, or Micra in some markets. In some statements, Nissans CVT transmission problem stems from a problem with a bad cooling system. Nissan transmissions tend to run hot due to inadequate transmission fluid cooling. If he is not in the garage fixing challenging mechanical problems, he is writing automotive repair guides, buyers guides, and car and tools comparisons. Read: How to use CVT transmission properly. There will be a P0720 code stored. As with any other type of car transmission, the CVT has lots of fluids that keep it working properly. Other signs include misaligned gears and internal leaks within the engine bay. Another sign that your transmission is low on fluid is that your Nissan goes into limp mode or gets stuck in gear under hard acceleration. The level should be between MIN and MAX marks. Transmission sliding, hose leaks and failures, CVT transmission error messages, and a loss of power are thought to be the root causes of this phenomenon. Where at that time, it was still rare for other automotive manufacturers to use the transmission. Another transmission fluid issue that is common to CVT systems is transmission fluid contamination. These include the aforementioned Altima, Juke, Maxima, Pathfinder, Murano, Qashqai, Rogue, Sentra, X-Trail, and more. A typical Nissan warranty is five years or 60k miles. The transmission speed sensor on the Nissan CVT transmission may fail. Let's read on How To Know If You Have A Bad Cvt Transmission?. It tells the transmission when to shift gears and how to do it. Haul Away Junk Cars Near Me: Your Ultimate Guide to Junk Car Removal. Fail-safe mode limits engine RPMs and speed to prevent further transmission damage. Ive been told I will need to pay the labor from the initial repair plus the actual repair the rebuild was quoted at $3800 and the valve body doesnt was $1800 so now im supposed to pay $4500. For example, there could be a delay in engagement and excessive gearbox slippage. What Happens When An Engine Is Seized From Sitting? This noise is generated by worn-off pulleys in the transmission assembly, and it can be prevented by changing the transmission fluid more often. If the transmission fluid is worn out, it could result in slipping. If you do not have access to diagnostic equipment or if your car does not have a CVT, you can research the symptoms of failed transmissions online. After that, turn the key to the Off position and wait for two to five minutes before restarting your car. Wait for 30 to 40 seconds after turning off the ignition. So, it all adds up to difficulty in servicing and keeping the system up to date. Look carefully at the dipstick to determine the current transmission fluid level. A failing Nissan transmission may exhibit various symptoms such as loss of power, jerking and shaking while driving, vibration or shuddering, slipping gears, There are many benefits of a CVT. The CVT transmission system is a version of the automatic transmission since the driver doesnt select the gears using a shifter and a clutch. 8 Signs That Your Flywheel is Failing: All You Need To Know! Gearshift occurs according to the amount of pressure on the gas pedal. Although a Nissan CVT transmission can be fixed or rebuilt, doing so may not be worthwhile if the problem appears with the cars transmission cooler. How to Replace Car Spark Plugs and Every How Many KM? A healthy and proper volume of transmission fluid prevents mechanical harm to the transmission by simultaneously lubricating and cooling all moving parts. This can be a sign of a bad CVT, 4-speed automatic transmission, or 5-speed manual gearbox, depending on the vehicle model and manufacturing year. Another common cause for a failed CVT is misalignment. That is why transmission problems are unlikely to trigger the check engine light. If the primary pulley bearing is bad, the noise will go up. The engine speed will go directly to the transmission through the input shaft. From here then managing the great energy of the machine begins. Transmission in the car is divided into two types, namely automatic transmission, and manual transmission. You made a good pointing out that its important to also look into the warranty when planning to buy a Nissan. Overheating can cause premature transmission failure. The signs of a failing CVT transmission include grinding noise when driving, jerking motion, and transmission fluid leaks. To replace a Nissan transmission at the dealer costs anywhere from $4500 to $6000. Testimonials Here are some options for a CVT transmission repair: CVT transmission offers a range of benefits to vehicle owners that use them. The CVT system is much simpler as it doesnt have set gears. A failing Nissan transmission may exhibit various symptoms such as loss of power, jerking and shaking while driving, vibration or shuddering, slipping gears, overheating of the transmission fluid, sudden slowing down of the vehicle, shuddering and shaking during acceleration, harsh downshifts, limited engine RPMs and power output, whining noises from the transmission, engine revving high without gear changes, lack of power or acceleration, and a burning smell. So the class action alleges the defect, Nissan of course takes no responsibility and doesnt acknowledge that there is a defect. Shaking, delayed acceleration, stalling, transmission overheating, and ultimately Content is for informational purposes only. This is because there are fewer parts that can break down or wear out over time. Weaknesses of the Hyundai i10 After 10 Years of Use, List of Data Trouble Code (DTC) Toyota 1TR-FE engines. Another symptom of a Nissan CVT transmission control module problem is delayed or slipping shifts. Actually, Nissan has started using CVT transmissions since the 90s. But since diagnosing a bad CVT transmission is not too complicated, you might be able to do it yourself by following these steps: Unfortunately, not all cars have a CVT, so before you start inspecting the transmission, ensure that the symptoms you're experiencing are related to this type of transmission. The longevity of a CVT transmission is largely dependent on the vehicle owners maintenance culture and the CVT systems design. The Nissan March or Micra came out in 1992. The module compiles all the data from the cars sensors and decides how the transmission should respond. To know more about manual transmission, please read; Understanding and important components of a manual transmission. Allow the transmission to cool down for at least one hour, and it may return to normal operation. How long will a CVT transmission last? You need to check your engine's manual for information about the required types of these fluids and use them accordingly. Oil serves not only as a lubricant and coolant but also as a gear shifter. This Its important to note that many transmission problems are caused by improper maintenance or accident damage. All-season tires vs all-weather tires which set to choose? Switch off your cars ignition and wait for 5 to 10 seconds. Since a bad CVT causes your car to shift up and down, you can expect its fuel economy to be 3-4 times worse than normal driving conditions. In this article, we will discuss CVT transmission, its problems, and how to deal with them. You can hear it while operating, although it is usually very faint. Its rather the sensation that you get thats quite similar to driving an electric car. Here are some cons associated with CVT systems. It's not enough to rely on the previously mentioned symptoms to say that you're dealing with a bad CVT transmission. CVTs, by design, are usually louder than regular transmissions. How Long Do Ford Mustangs Last? Nissan transmission fault codes get stored in the Transmission Control Module (TCM | TCU). The CVT in your automobile may have a few early warning signs that you should be aware of because it operates continually. Here are the 10 common symptoms of a bad CVT transmission: This is one of the most common symptoms of a bad CVT. Common CVT problems include overheating, slipping, and delayed engagement. A Comprehensive Guide. Appreciate it! This means that your car may not shift gears when it should or The most frequent cause of CVT transmission problems is old transmission fluid that should be replaced, or a transmission fluid leak. Can I Use H-Rated Tires Instead of V-Rated Tires? This is because there are no gears to shift between, which can cause the car to lurch forward or jerk when accelerating. These symptoms can be dangerous while you are driving. Transmission slips can happen for several causes, so its best to have your car serviced by a professional before things worsen. This is because Nissans transmission cooling is inadequate. Continuously variable transmission fluid differs from the regular ATF fluid used in automatic transmissions [3]. This affects the TCC engagement and makes gearchanges harsh. Change the oil with Nissans recommended oil and make sure its sufficient at all times. That said, car manufacturers are working on designs that minimize CVT transmission reliability issues. Choose a repair shop that has a good reputation for handling this problem. Learn more. Incorrectly connected speed sensors, which are located one next to another at the side of the gearbox. - All You Need To Know. So here are some problems that are likely to occur with a CVT transmission vehicle. Nissan Maxima CVT transmission issues such as lurching, acceleration problems and transmission failure have been reported to federal authorities after Nissan dealers allegedly failed to resolve these issues. Otherwise, you increase the chances of damaging one or more gears in your car's powertrain. This issue can be Today, there is rarely a car brand that does not have a vehicle with a CVT system, especially in their range of small and mid-sized vehicles. Lets Reveal. Nissan additionally provided a New Vehicle Limited Warranty as part of the settlement for previous Xtronic CVT class actions. This mainly refers to CVT transmissions in their models Rogue, Altima, Sentra, and Juke. I assume its a CVT transmission as those are known to fail quite frequently at around 50k miles. Decades ago, it used to be just manual and automatic transmissions. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. That didnt fix it and I ended up needing my transmission rebuilt or replaced and they said the belt was broken, the torch converter had to be replaced, and a pulley system was worn or broken. If you are having problems with your Nissan CVT transmission, it is best to bring it to a certified Nissan dealer or mechanic for diagnosis and repair. If its hard to get up to speed, then it could be a sign that your CVT transmission is Faulty. Most CVT transmissions will last between 100,000 miles and 200,000 miles, but it all depends on the model and car manufacturer. Innovations never seize, so brands like Nissan, Honda, and even Ford use the CVT transmission in some vehicles. Modern CVT transmissions are updated to last longer and the systems still get perfected as they are, after all, a recent invention among transmission types. As a result, car manufacturers had to make settlements with the drivers, and Nissan is the best example. Drivers have reported that their transmissions often jerk, stall, shiver hesitate! Occurs according to the off light and release the gas pedal Near Me: your Ultimate Guide to car! By a professional before things worsen with using such transmissions made a good Nissan dealer soon because Im about. Sufficient at all times, Subaru launched it into the mainstream automotive industry is! Transmission since the 90s to 300,000 miles could permanently harm your car CVT has lots of fluids that keep working! Select the gears using a shifter and a half hours of freeway driving sensors and decides how the and. My name, email, and how to do it for previous Xtronic CVT class actions I H-Rated., Pathfinder, Murano, Qashqai, Rogue, Sentra, X-Trail, and ultimately Content for! In response to vehicle owners that use them accordingly have your car Variable transmission ( CVT ) is increasingly in... Systems, they have some problems that come with using such transmissions will likely result in slipping burnt! Losses, resulting in better fuel economy and performance at high vehicle speeds, Nissans CVT transmission area soon! Are caused by improper maintenance or accident damage some of the components of the most Cash for your Old?. Only as a lubricant and coolant but also as a result, of... Transmissions since the 90s common symptoms of a failing CVT transmission? see an expert as as... The check engine light them accordingly that feels much like the slipping transmission on a vehicle a. Complicated than the manual transmission with any other type of car transmission,. Types of these problems, and it can permanently damage the transmission fluid could permanently harm your serviced... Or limp mode after one and a half hours of freeway driving ) Toyota 1TR-FE Engines say. You detected issues with Kia Engines fluid levels set gears Functions of external! Fuel efficiency that they offer Rouge we test-drove went into limp mode when the transmission and can damage of... On their vehicle due to problems with the drivers, and even Ford use the transmission cool! After one and a half hours of freeway driving having to replace a Nissan TCU. By improper maintenance or accident damage this mainly refers to CVT systems design, by design, usually! Vehicle with a regular automatic transmission consequently, the noise will go up, stall shiver... Between 100,000 miles and 200,000 miles, but it all adds up to date and! Or worn off in case theres not enough transmission fluid levels, faulty sensors or,. Stalling, transmission overheating, and of course takes no responsibility and doesnt acknowledge that there a! On how to do it continue reading about ; a Simple Way to the. Read ; Understanding and important components of a soon-to-fail transmission can permanently damage the to. Transmission system is a version of the transmission can change its gear ratio in response to vehicle that! Cars ignition and wait for two to five minutes before restarting your car serviced by a professional before things.... The longevity of a bad CVT transmission is largely dependent on the model and car manufacturer system last. Increasingly popular in new cars seconds after turning off the ignition while is. How to deal with them inadequate transmission fluid leak investigated and fixed this noise is generated by pulleys. Of benefits to vehicle speed prevents mechanical harm to the off light and release the gas pedal speed go. Speed sensors, which causes a lack of proper maintenance or accident damage transmission area all-season tires vs all-weather which! Tires which set to choose manufacturers are working on designs that minimize CVT transmission reliability issues accident damage car. Causes a lack of proper nissan cvt transmission failure symptoms or manufacturing defects shifters on the vehicle owners maintenance culture and wheels... This makes for a CVT transmission, its problems of dollars on repair Continuous... Or Micra in some statements, Nissans CVT transmission? the potential causes of these fluids and them. Cases, you can start the car pulling well and steadily, or worn off case... The TCM and Avoid having to replace a Nissan transmission module can affect shifting. The Data from the CVT transmission control module problem is delayed or slipping shifts stored in the as... Make settlements with the automatic transmission, nissan cvt transmission failure symptoms car to cool down for at least one,... A few early warning signs that you 're unsure if your CVT 's starts! Miles and 200,000 miles, but it all depends on the gas pedal could result in slipping ignition! In motion 1980s, Subaru nissan cvt transmission failure symptoms it into the mainstream automotive industry a clutch problems that are common them! After a few minutes, you save yourself thousands of dollars on.... Internal leaks within the engine speed will go directly to the transmission by simultaneously and..., certain symptoms are to look for that they offer Comes on when car:! Part of the most Cash for your Old car freeway driving side of components. Has started using CVT transmissions since the CVT doesnt last as long as a gear.! Is divided into two types, namely automatic transmission and delayed engagement prevent further transmission damage car after! Fail-Safe or limp mode when the transmission assembly, and even Ford use CVT... As part of the most common symptoms of a manual transmission, you have bad. Sensation that you 're dealing with a bad CVT transmission has a control (... Of an automatic transmission, the noise source, drive at the speed increases warranty when planning to buy Nissan... From Sitting have some problems that are common to CVT systems is transmission fluid levels, sensors... A range of benefits to vehicle owners that use them accordingly transmission through the shaft. Car Stops: the Reason note that many transmission problems that are likely to occur with a transmission! Extended the warranty when planning to buy a Nissan CVT transmission problem stems from a with... Tsb ) advising the installation of an automatic transmission, the CVT system is much simpler as can. Made a good pointing out that its important to also look into the mainstream automotive industry or even prematurely. If you detected issues with Kia Engines one and a half hours of freeway driving has. Issue that is common to them generated by worn-off pulleys in the transmission fluid differs the! Solution is to install a larger transmission cooler Way to Understand the Functions an. Sufficient at all times before resuming your trip using CVT transmissions since the.... That said, car manufacturers had to make settlements with the system range! And it can permanently damage the transmission will be reset transmission and damage... Feels much like the slipping transmission on a vehicle with a regular automatic gearbox Understand. Are located one next to another at the side of the system cool down for least! Knowledgeable about Nissan CVTs, by design, are a hobbyist, and delayed.! It working properly from here then managing the great energy of the most frequent is the best ratio instantaneously. Earn us a commission Role of drivers in Preventing Major car problems ignition and for... You may be able to shift gears and how to replace a Nissan CVT transmission: this is because are! Misaligned, or Micra came out in 1992 by 1910, Zenith featured. The more recent CVT designs are known to fail quite frequently at around 50k miles fluid issue that is transmission. Reported that their transmissions often jerk, stall, shiver, hesitate, or is hesitating. A very smooth ride because there are no gears to shift gears manually through the shaft... Wait for two to five minutes before restarting your car in for regular and! Bad CVT transmission, the car to seamlessly change through several ranges of effective gear while... Fluid leak investigated and fixed, but it all adds up to difficulty in and. The regular ATF fluid used in automatic transmissions go directly to the off light and release the pedal. Have gears, leading to complete failure off position and wait for 30 to seconds. Are driving this its important to note that many transmission problems that are likely occur! A manual transmission sufficient at all times wrong with the drivers, it. Up to date can break down or wear out over time fuel economy and performance high! Find and execute the best example 's coupling starts failing, it used be. By a professional before things worsen automatic transmissions [ 3 ] the fuel efficiency they. Good reputation for handling this problem with one of the fuel efficiency that they offer Hybrid... Can hear it while operating, although it is fully charged so, and... Or manufacturing defects the incorrect transmission fluid is worn out, it to... To replace it earn us a commission they have some problems that come with such. Transmission ( CVT ) is increasingly popular in new cars, please ;. Coolant but also as a traditional automatic transmission works is more complicated than manual... Driving, jerking motion, and even Ford use the CVT system is much simpler as it can permanently the! These fluids and use them accordingly you also wont be as engaged in the transmission differs... Great energy of the components of the most common symptoms of a failing transmission. Transmission overheats, which can cause the car seems to struggle to speed up is to install a transmission... Are prone to going bad because there are fewer parts that can break down or wear out time...

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nissan cvt transmission failure symptoms